Tafsir of Al-Burooj 85:10

It is permissible that by "those who have persecuted" he means specifically the People of the Trench, and by "the believers" those who were cast into the trench. The meaning of "persecuted them" is that they tortured them with fire and burned them.

"So for them is the punishment of Hell" in the Hereafter for their disbelief, "and for them is the punishment of the Burning"—which is another great fire that expands just as the fire expanded when they burned the believers.

Alternatively, they have the punishment of Hell in the Hereafter, and the punishment of the Burning in this world, based on the report that the fire turned back upon them and consumed them.

It is also permissible that he means: those who persecuted the believers—that is, those who tested them with harm in a general sense—and the believers are those who were persecuted. In this case, the persecutors have two punishments in the Hereafter: one for their disbelief, and one for their persecution.

"Indeed, the assault of your Lord is severe. Indeed, it is He who originates and repeats. And He is the Forgiving, the Affectionate, the Owner of the Throne, the Glorious, the Performer of what He wills."